It seems like singer Joe Jonas is already a step ahead, gifting his wife Sophie Turner an early Christmas present. The Game of Thrones star was really happy about it and proudly showed it off on Instagram. Joe gifted her a T-shirt covered in throwback photos of singer and actress Miley Cyrus.
It features photos of Cyrus both in character as the Disney icon Hannah , who she played between and , and as herself after she had shed her Disney image. They welcomed their baby daughter Willa in July this year.
Sophie has got a tattoo tribute to her daughter. She has the letter W inked on her wrist below the J she already had for her husband. Send your best wishes to Sophie and her cute little family in the comments below!
Merry Christmas to all of you! Game of Thrones ended more than a year ago. The fans of the fantasy series miss the show dearly. The cast of the show has moved on to newer projects. Directed by Kieron J Walsh , the movie circles around a series of scandals that took place at the Tour de France. The film was the opening film for the Cork International Film Festival. Though fictional, The Racer shows the dangerous lengths teams will go to for a competitive edge.
Below are some snaps from the clip. Are you excited about exploring the dark world of competitive cycling? Talk to us in the comments below! George R. Connect with us. Share Tweet. At home should not mean at risk — we support you. Related Topics:. You may like. Latest Popular. News 3 hours ago. Filming 2 days ago. Interview 4 days ago. Media 5 days ago.
As their names suggest they are made of these precious metals. The Gold Dragon currency system is commodity money , based on the inherent value of the amount of gold or silver in each coin, as opposed to fiat money - like modern banknotes - in which currency is assigned a theoretical value but is physically just a medium of exchange banknote paper currency does not exist in Westeros, or even in Essos, and no world culture has ever been described using paper currency in the novels.
That being said, sometimes possession is an abstract concept. Thus someone being paid thousands of Gold Dragon coins will not have to physically carry them around, but will be presented with official financial documents declaring the transaction much as a knight might find it difficult to carry around on his back a castle he has been granted, but can carry around a sealed charter as proof of the land grant.
Still, even large sums used in accounting - ranging into the tens of thousands of Gold Dragons - are supposed to represent physical gold coin reserves. Reflecting real-life medieval practice, the currency of the Seven Kingdoms is not based on a decimal system, but grew haphazardly out of many centuries of rival coinage systems becoming integrated, so the exchange rate between different denominations reflects tradition and not abstract sense.
Each of the original independent "Seven Kingdoms" minted their own money, but the coinage system was unified under the Targaryen dynasty after the War of Conquest years ago.
The Targaryen Kings did not completely "nationalize" the minting of coins, as private mints also exist, but coinage is primarily minted by the kingship and is certainly regulated by it.
There are a few other regional coins worth different combinations that might be encountered from time to time, a "Groat" equals 4 Copper Pennies, etc. The books contain many more examples of different kinds of coins and the relative price of different purchases. As in the TV series, the baker Arya asks for bread right before her father is executed and the war begins , he says that a loaf costs three copper pennies. During the War of the Five Kings food prices are sent skyrocketing in King's Landing : when Tyrion first arrives in the city he observes that food prices have tripled, and continue to rise.
The shortages resulted from the war's disruption of trade routes, particularly that House Tyrell closed off food shipments along the Roseroad when they declared for Renly Baratheon , along with the loss of food shipments from the Riverlands, which had declared for Robb Stark the Reach and the Riverlands being the two main breadbasket regions of the realm.
The shortages were compounded by the influx of refugees from the Riverlands seeking the safety of the capital city, which overburdened its already strained food supply, eventually leading to major food riots by the starving peasants. After the Tyrells ally with the Lannisters food shipments from the Reach arrive in the city again i. Even after this, however, Tyrion notes that food prices are still shockingly high: six Copper Pennies for a melon, a Silver Stag for a bushel of corn, and a Gold Dragon for a side of beef or six skinny piglets.
This was after the Tyrells were returning regular food shipments to the city, so the prices might have been higher beforehand, or they may have continued to rise to four or five times their normal value while Tyrion was Hand, so the exact ratio of these prices to their normal pre-war value is unclear.
In the first of the Tales of Dunk and Egg prequel novellas, set ninety years before the War of the Five Kings, it is mentioned that a man could live well on three Gold Dragons a year - though relative prices may have changed in subsequent generations. Supporting this notion is that in the Tales of Dunk and Egg , Duncan sold a knight's horse for Silver Stags, which is about three and a half Gold Dragons.
Thus the Gold Dragon apparently underwent significant Deflation in the past ninety years, though the devastation caused by the War of the Five Kings combined with foreign debt from King Robert's reign leads to the rapid monetary Inflation which Tyrion noted in the food markets. Another factor is that the first Dunk and Egg story takes place during the spring after the end of a years-long winter, when both the population and food supply would be lower, while the War of the Five Kings takes place at the end of a years-long summer, when both population and food supply start out very high - during the prequels, both supply and demand are proportionately lower than they are in the main series, and relative prices seem to have adjusted accordingly.
Numerical prices not raw purchasing power do seem to be consistently about three times higher in the Tales of Dunk and Egg prequels compared to the main novel series.
One Gold Dragon is considered a good price for a knight's horse in the main novels, while about three and a half Gold Dragons is considered a good price in Dunk's era. Moreover, at one point Ser Duncan uses a single Silver Stag coin equal to 56 Copper Pennies to purchase meals for two people at an inn, and receives a handful of Copper Pennies back as change.
Presuming he received about a dozen or so Copper Pennies as change, and that this was to cover the cost of two meals, it seems that the cost of a single meal at an inn was about 20 Copper Pennies during the Tales of Dunk and Egg era. In contrast, in the main novels just before Eddard Stark's execution, a baker tells Arya that a loaf of bread will cost her 3 Copper Pennies. If the deflation ratio is consistent, the numerical price of a loaf of bread in Dunk's era would be around Copper Pennies - which actually does seem to be consistent with the figure that a full, basic "meal" cost Dunk about twice that much.
No examples of prices were given in the prequel novellas about the Dance of the Dragons. The numerical cost of one horse dropped from 3. The era of peace and prosperity before the Dance lasted far longer than that, an 80 year long golden age of peace and prosperity under the Targaryen kings Jaehaerys I and Viserys I.
The civil war began in autumn, after Viserys I died, and winter began in the middle of the conflict. Keeping to the supply and demand trends observed at the end of Robert's reign, it is possible that the number value of prices at the start of the Dance of the Dragons was even lower i. The main takeaways from these figures, in short, are that just before the outbreak of the War of the Five Kings the price of everyday commodities such as a loaf of bread was around three Copper Pennies, and a knight's horse was worth about one Gold Dragon.
Massive inflation takes place during the course of the War of the Five Kings, however, so relative prices during most of the TV series would rise drastically higher. In the Seven Kingdoms, there is no particular cultural or religious rule against moneylending.
Indeed, the Faith of the Seven has been known to lend money to the kingship. Thus, by the time of King Robert Baratheon, the crown owes a vast amount of accrued debt which was lent to it, mostly by House Lannister, the wealthiest noble landholders on the continent. Robert Baratheon's massive public debts, largely the result of his own inept financial leadership, total approximately six million Gold Dragons. This debt is roughly divided between three million owed to House Lannister, two million owed to the Iron Bank of Braavos, and one million owed to the Faith of the Seven.
A point made in the books is that the crown of Seven Kingdoms actually was not in debt immediately after Robert's Rebellion. While there had been some war debts King's Landing had to be extensively repaired after its sack, etc. Tywin Lannister even remarks that the gross income of the crown has increased to something on the order of ten times what it was under the Mad King, due to various improvements in administration and an improving economy during the long summer years.
Thus it is all the more shocking to Eddard Stark when he is informed that the crown is 6 million Gold Dragons in debt, highlighting just how much Robert Baratheon was beggaring the realm with his many expensive jousts.
Indeed, Tyrion Lannister is skeptical that even Robert's expensive tournaments and overall bad management could have produced such massive debts given the strong gross income levels, leading him to suspect that Littlefinger has been embezzling massive amounts of money from the treasury. The Tourney of the Hand, for example, cost , Gold Dragons in prize money, and is presented as a very large tournament even by Robert's standards.
Robert has been king for 15 years in the novels, and 6 million divided by 15 is , - meaning that Robert would have to have held a massive tournament on the scale of the Tourney of the Hand every three months for 15 years to spend that much money. Tyrion realizes these numbers are implausible, as Robert simply didn't hold that many large tournaments.
Each of the independent "Seven Kingdoms" minted their own different local currencies until they were all united by Aegon I Targaryen in the War of Conquest three hundred years before the War of the Five Kings. Little has been mentioned so far of pre-Conquest currency, but the Kingdom of the Reach minted gold coins known as "Hands", featuring the hand-sigil of House Gardener on one side and the face of the king whose reign they were minted in on the other side.
Surprisingly, quite a few Hand coins remain in circulation, even though new ones ceased being minted three hundred years ago. A gold Hand coin is only roughly half the value of a Gold Dragon coin. However, gold Hands are also roughly the same size, weight, and shape as a Gold Dragon, which may lead the unwary to confuse them.
Olenna Tyrell keeps a chest of old gold Hands in her carriage, and uses them when she needs to pay toll-takers on the road whom she feels have been rude or insulting, in order to dupe them into taking only half of what they request.
Dorne wasn't even conquered by the Targaryens, and only entered the realm through peaceful marriage-alliance one hundred years ago, thus it is probable that their own local currency may be even more prevalent than the Kingdom of the Reach's three hundred year old currency. In the early months of the War of the Five Kings , after Robb Stark is declared King in the North , the idea is suggested that the new Kingdom of the North and Riverlands should mint its own coinage.
When Prince Bran Stark is holding a harvest feast at Winterfell attended by several Northern lords, Lord Wyman of House Manderly proposes that he will fund the creation of new mints to produce coinage for Robb's kingdom as House Manderly controls White Harbor , the North's only city and port, and is therefore fairly wealthy due to its maritime commerce.
Soon afterwards, however, the ironborn betray the Starks and attack the western coasts of the North, seizing Winterfell itself, thus the plan to make their own coinage is apparently put on hold to deal with the more immediate threat.
The plans to make their own Northern coinage were rendered moot with the death of Robb Stark and destruction of his army at the Red Wedding.
The proposed mints apparently never began production, as there is no mention of new Northern currency in the books. Game of Thrones Wiki. Game of Thrones Wiki Explore. Game of Thrones.
House of the Dragon. Peterson - linguist.
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