NET State Service stores session data out-of-process. The service uses sockets to communicate with ASP. NET that is running on a web server. Certificate Services is part of the core operating system.
By using Certificate Services, a business can act as its own certification authority CA. It lets the business issue and manage digital certificates for programs and protocols such as:. For more information, see 3. The Cluster service controls server cluster operations and manages the cluster database. A cluster is a collection of independent computers that act as a single computer.
Managers, programmers, and users see the cluster as a single system. The software distributes data among the nodes of the cluster. If a node fails, other nodes provide the services and data that were formerly provided by the missing node. When a node is added or repaired, the cluster software migrates some data to that node. By default, DTLS is enabled. The Computer Browser system service maintains an up-to-date list of computers on your network and supplies the list to programs that request it.
The Computer Browser service is used by Windows-based computers to view network domains and resources. Computers that are designated as browsers maintain browse lists that contain all shared resources that are used on the network. Earlier versions of Windows-based programs, such as My Network Places, the net view command, and Windows Explorer, all require browsing capability.
For example, when you open My Network Places on a computer that is running Microsoft Windows 95, a list of domains and computers appears. To display this list, the computer obtains a copy of the browse list from a computer that is designated as a browser. If you are running only Windows Vista and later versions of Windows, the browser service is no longer required. You can use this service to adjust the advanced network settings of DHCP clients.
The Distributed File System Replication DFSR service is a state-based, multi-master file replication engine that automatically copies updates to files and folders between computers that are participating in a common replication group.
It is not used on a Windows Server domain controller. The Distributed Link Tracking Server system service stores information so that files that are moved between volumes can be tracked to each volume in the domain. The Distributed Link Tracking Server service runs on each domain controller in a domain. This service enables the Distributed Link Tracking Client service to track linked documents that are moved to a location in another NTFS file system volume in the same domain.
The Distributed Transaction Coordinator DTC system service coordinates transactions that are distributed across multiple computer systems and resource managers, such as databases, message queues, file systems, or other transaction-protected resource managers. DNS servers are required to locate devices and services that are identified by using DNS names and to locate domain controllers in Active Directory.
The Event Log system service logs event messages that are generated by programs and by the Windows operating system. Event log reports contain information that you can use to diagnose problems.
You view reports in Event Viewer. The Event Log service writes events that are sent to log files by programs, by services, and by the operating system. The events contain diagnostic information in addition to errors that are specific to the source program, the service, or the component.
This service has the same firewall requirements as the File and Printer Sharing feature. Fax Service lets users use either a local fax device or a shared network fax device to send and receive faxes from their desktop programs. The File Replication service FRS is a file-based replication engine that automatically copies updates to files and folders between computers that are participating in a common FRS replica set.
FRS is the default replication engine that is used to replicate the contents of the SYSVOL folder between Windows based domain controllers and Windows Server based domain controllers that are located in a common domain. By default, the FTP control port is The default data that is used for active mode FTP port is automatically set to one port less than the control port.
Therefore, if you configure the control port to port , the default data port is port This means that the client first connects to the FTP server by using the control port. Then, the client opens a second connection to the FTP server for transferring data.
You can configure the range of high ports by using the IIS metabase. If any one of these protocols is unavailable or blocked between the client and a relevant domain controller, Group Policy will not apply or update. For a cross-domain logon, where a computer is in one domain and the user account is in another domain, these protocols may be required for the client, the resource domain, and the account domain to communicate.
ICMP is used for slow link detection. When you initiate remote group policy results reporting from a Windows Server computer, access to the destination computer's event log is required. See the Event Log section in this article for port requirements. Windows Server support the initiation of remote group policy update against Windows Server computers. SSL is an open standard for establishing an encrypted communications channel to help prevent the interception of extremely important information, such as credit card numbers.
Although this service works on other Internet services, it is primarily used to enable encrypted electronic financial transactions on the World Wide Web WWW. Internet Authentication Service IAS performs centralized authentication, authorization, auditing, and accounting of users who are connecting to a network. These users can be on a LAN connection or on a remote connection.
This system service provides NAT, addressing, and name resolution services for all computers on your home network or your small-office network. When the Internet Connection Sharing feature is enabled, your computer becomes an Internet gateway on the network. Other client computers can then share one connection to the Internet, such as a dial-up connection or a broadband connection.
They do not provide these services on the external network interface. When you use the Kerberos Key Distribution Center KDC system service, users can sign in to the network by using the Kerberos version 5 authentication protocol. As in other implementations of the Kerberos protocol, the KDC is a single process that provides two services: the Authentication Service and the Ticket-Granting Service. The Authentication Service issues ticket granting tickets, and the Ticket-Granting Service issues tickets for connection to computers in its own domain.
Each existing file or folder will be marked as journalWrap and verified against the file system before replication is enabled again. During the recovery, this volume is not available for replication in either direction. For example, creating multiple folders simultaneously with identical names on different servers replicated using FRS causes FRS to rename the older folder s. If an application opens a file and creates a file lock on it preventing it from being used by other applications while it is open , DFS Replication will not replicate the file until it is closed.
If the application opens the file with read-share access, the file can still be replicated. Microsoft does not support creating NTFS hard links to or from files in a replicated folder — doing so can cause replication issues with the affected files. Hard link files are ignored by DFS Replication and are not replicated. Junction points also are not replicated, and DFS Replication logs event for each junction point it encounters.
For more information, see the Ask the Directory Services Team blog. The reparse tag and reparse data buffers are not replicated to other servers because the reparse point only works on the local system. As such, DFS Replication can replicate folders on volumes that use Data Deduplication in Windows Server , or Single Instance Storage SIS , however, data deduplication information is maintained separately by each server on which the role service is enabled.
No, DFS Replication does not replicate files for which the only change is a change to the timestamp. Additionally, the changed timestamp is not replicated to other members of the replication group unless other changes are made to the file. DFS Replication replicates permission changes for files and folders.
Changing ACLs on a large number of files can have an impact on replication performance. However, when using RDC, the amount of data transferred is proportionate to the size of the ACLs, not the size of the entire file.
The amount of disk traffic is still proportional to the size of the files because the files must be read to and from the staging folder. DFS Replication does not merge files when there is a conflict. This ensures that the RPC communication across the Internet is always encrypted.
RPC Technical Reference. About Remote Differential Compression. Authentication-Level Constants. There is one update manager per replicated folder. Update managers work independently of one another. By default, a maximum of 16 four in Windows Server R2 concurrent downloads are shared among all connections and replication groups. Because connections and replication group updates are not serialized, there is no specific order in which updates are received.
If two schedules are opened, updates are generally received and installed from both connections at the same time. If the schedule is open, DFS Replication will replicate changes as it notices them. There is no way to configure a quiet time for files. If you are using Windows Server or Windows Server R2, you can create a read-only replicated folder that replicates content through a one-way connection. Doing so can cause numerous problems including health-check topology errors, staging issues, and problems with the DFS Replication database.
If you are using Windows Server or Windows Server R2, you can simulate a one-way connection by performing the following actions:. Train administrators to make changes only on the server s that you want to designate as primary servers. Then let the changes replicate to the destination servers. Configure the share permissions on the destination servers so that end users do not have Write permissions.
If no changes are allowed on the branch servers, then there is nothing to replicate back, simulating a one-way connection and keeping WAN utilization low. If DFS Replication considers the files identical, it will not replicate them. If changed files have not been replicated, DFS Replication will automatically replicate them when configured to do so. However, this is only a schedule override, and it does not force replication of unchanged or identical files.
During initial replication, the primary member's files will always take precedence in the conflict resolution that occurs if the receiving members have different versions of files on the primary member.
The primary member designation is stored in Active Directory Domain Services, and the designation is cleared after the primary member is ready to replicate, but before all members of the replication group replicate. If the initial replication fails or the DFS Replication service restarts during the replication, the primary member sees the primary member designation in the local DFS Replication database and retries the initial replication. If the primary member's DFS Replication database is lost after clearing the primary designation in Active Directory Domain Services, but before all members of the replication group complete the initial replication, all members of the replication group fail to replicate the folder because no server is designated as the primary member.
For more information about initial replication, see Create a Replication Group. The primary member designation is used only during the initial replication process. If you use the Dfsradmin command to specify a primary member for a replicated folder after replication is complete, DFS Replication does not designate the server as a primary member in Active Directory Domain Services.
However, if the DFS Replication database on the server subsequently suffers irreversible corruption or data loss, the server attempts to perform an initial replication as the primary member instead of recovering its data from another member of the replication group. Essentially, the server becomes a rogue primary server, which can cause conflicts. For this reason, specify the primary member manually only if you are certain that the initial replication has irretrievably failed.
If remote differential compression RDC is enabled on the connection, inbound replication of a file larger than 64 KB that began replicating immediately prior to the schedule closing or changing to No bandwidth continues when the schedule opens or changes to something other than No bandwidth. The replication continues from the state it was in when replication stopped. This can delay when the file is available on the receiving member.
When DFS Replication detects a conflict, it uses the version of the file that was saved last. It remains there until Conflict and Deleted folder cleanup, which occurs when the Conflict and Deleted folder exceeds the configured size or DFS Replication encounters an Out of disk space error. The Conflict and Deleted folder is not replicated, and this method of conflict resolution avoids the problem of morphed directories that was possible in FRS.
This event does not require user action for the following reasons:. When a quota threshold is reached, it cleans out some of those files. There is no guarantee that conflicting files will be saved. Protocol and Port. Type of traffic. TCP User and Computer Authentication, Replication.
File Replication. Replication, User and Computer Authentication, Trusts. UDP Windows Time, Trusts. Windows Time. User and Computer Authentication. Window , Windows XP, and Windows Ephemeral Dynamic Service Response Ports. TCP Dynamic Ephemeral. UDP Dynamic Ephemeral. Azure File Sync can keep multiple Windows file servers in sync and each one only needs to keep a cache on-premises while the full copy of the data is in the cloud.
Azure File Sync also has the additional benefit of cloud backup with integrated snapshots. For more information, see Planning for an Azure File Sync deployment. RDC detects changes to the data in a file and enables DFS Replication to replicate only the changed file blocks instead of the entire file.
To use DFS Replication, you must create replication groups and add replicated folders to the groups. Replication groups, replicated folders, and members are illustrated in the following figure.
This figure shows that a replication group is a set of servers, known as members, which participate in the replication of one or more replicated folders. A replicated folder is a folder that stays synchronized on each member.
In the figure, there are two replicated folders: Projects and Proposals.
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